A Researcher Has Calculated the Mean for a Variable That

question 20

Multiple Choice

A researcher has calculated the mean for a variable that is ordinal in level of measurement.

• A)This operation is a violation of level of measurement criterion and the results should be disregarded.
• B)This violation of level of measurement criterion is common and results should be treated with caution.
• C)No violation has occurred,this is a perfectly acceptable application of statistics.
• D)This is a mistake: means should never be calculated for ordinal variables because they are always continuous.

Understand the concept of charisma and the impact of charismatic leadership.

Recognize various leadership styles and their contexts, including transformational, servant, and autocratic leadership.

Comprehend the principle of creating economic and societal value simultaneously.

Articulate the contingency approaches to leadership and identify the different leadership styles in the Contingency Model.

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Definitions:

Average Error

A statistical measure that averages the absolute differences between the observed values and the values predicted by a model.

Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

A variable in an experiment or model that is expected to change in response to changes in independent variables.

Perfect Correlation

Perfect correlation occurs when two variables move in unison, either directly (perfect positive correlation) or inversely (perfect negative correlation), with a correlation coefficient of +1 or -1, respectively.