The Relationship Between Measures of Association and Causal Relations Between

question 40

Multiple Choice

The relationship between measures of association and causal relations between variables may be summarized as

• A)association proves causation.
• B)association does not prove causation.
• C)association and causation are unrelated concepts.
• D)measures of association can be used only for prediction,never as evidence of a causal relationship between variables.

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Definitions:

Work Stress

Stress experienced due to job-related factors including deadlines, workload, interpersonal relationships, and job security.

Psychological Safety

A belief that one can speak up or take risks without fear of negative consequences to self-image, status, or career in a particular setting.

Grapevine

Informal channels of communication within an organization, often characterized by rumors and unofficial information.

Work Stress

The emotional and physical strain caused by work demands and pressures that exceed an individual's capacity to cope.