Some Research Situations Are Summarized Below

question 31

Essay

Some research situations are summarized below.For each situation,identify all variables and characterize them in terms of level of measurement and whether they are discrete or continuous.If applicable,identify which variables are dependent and which are independent.Explain your reasoning.What statistical application is being used?
A)A group of one hundred students are asked for their high school and college GPAs. The GPAs are then compared to see if there is any relationship between them.
B)A candidate for student body president telephones a randomly selected sample of students and asks about their opinion of the system used for course evaluation. Each student is asked if they strongly support, moderately support, or do not support the system. The candidate then uses this information to characterize the opinions of the entire student body
C)From what regions of the nation does the college football program recruit players? A researcher ascertains the hometowns of every member of the team for the past ten years.
D)Which sport on campus has the players with the highest GPAs? The academic records of randomly selected samples of athletes from all sports are compared to answer this question.
E)Is academic achievement associated with any "background" variables? Information on a sample of students is collected. The information includes GPA, age, sex, major, years of schooling completed by both parents, and marital status of the student.

• A)A group of one hundred students are asked for their high school and college GPAs. The GPAs are then compared to see if there is any relationship between them.
• B)A candidate for student body president telephones a randomly selected sample of students and asks about their opinion of the system used for course evaluation. Each student is asked if they strongly support, moderately support, or do not support the system. The candidate then uses this information to characterize the opinions of the entire student body
• C)From what regions of the nation does the college football program recruit players? A researcher ascertains the hometowns of every member of the team for the past ten years.
• D)Which sport on campus has the players with the highest GPAs? The academic records of randomly selected samples of athletes from all sports are compared to answer this question.
• E)Is academic achievement associated with any "background" variables? Information on a sample of students is collected. The information includes GPA, age, sex, major, years of schooling completed by both parents, and marital status of the student.

Recognize the influence of reinforcement, punishment, and observational learning on personality development according to behaviorist theories.

Identify the significance of birth order, inherited traits, and self-efficacy in shaping an individual's personality.

Describe how humanistic theories prioritize individual freedom, potential for growth, and self-actualization in personality development.

Explain the importance of empirical research in developing and validating behavioral perspective theories of personality.

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Definitions:

Authority

describes the power or right given to individuals or entities to make decisions, issue orders, and enforce obedience.

Unity of Command

A principle in management stating that each employee should report to one and only one supervisor, to avoid confusion and conflict.

Universal Process

A principle or method that is broadly applicable across various domains or situations, often standardized to improve efficiency and effectiveness.

Contingency

A future event or circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty; often related to planning in management.