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The Spencer-Bain Principle Became the Cornerstone of Thorndike's Connectionism and Skinner's

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The Spencer-Bain principle became the cornerstone of Thorndike's connectionism and Skinner's operant behavior.


Definitions:

Air Pollution

The presence of substances in the air that are harmful to human health, the environment, or the climate.

Boreal Forest

A large biome of coniferous forest located in the northern regions of North America, Europe, and Asia, characterized by cold temperatures and short growing seasons.

Lichens

Symbiotic organisms composed of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, often an alga or cyanobacterium.

Photochemical Oxidant

Chemical compounds formed by the reaction between sunlight and pollutants like hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, contributing to air pollution and smog.

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