Highly Effective Vaccines Have Been Produced

question 14

Multiple Choice

Highly effective vaccines have been produced. Why can't we seem to develop an effective vaccine for HIV?

• A) The best protective effect would be a stimulation of antibodies from B cells and production of infected cell killing cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells, most likely from a live attenuated form of HIV used as a vaccine. Both of these cell types require the help of CD4⁺ helper T cells. HIV infects and destroys the very cells required to produce a strong protective immune response to a vaccine (CD4⁺ helper T cells). This would make the use of a live, attenuated virus as a vaccine impractical.
• B) HIV goes latent quite quickly in every one of the cells it infects. This latency makes it extremely difficult to completely eradicate from an individual, even if a protective immune response were able to be induced by a vaccine.
• C) HIV vaccines of any kind would be far too dangerous to test on human beings. Without human testing, we can't be sure of their effectiveness in order to begin using them for human protection.
• D) The best protective effect would be achieved solely by production of anti-HIV antibodies from B cells. However, B cells become infected with HIV and are destroyed. A vaccine would destroy the very cells we need to stimulate to best fight the infection.

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