The Fact That Animals with No History of Opioid Withdrawal

question 40

Multiple Choice

The fact that animals with no history of opioid withdrawal will press a lever to self-administer low doses of intravenous morphine or heroin demonstrates what in our understanding of developing opioid dependence?

• A) Withdrawal symptom
• B) Positive reinforcement
• C) Peer pressure
• D) Tolerance

---

Definitions:

Random Assignment

A method used in experiments where participants are assigned to experimental or control groups randomly, ensuring each participant has an equal chance of being in any group.

Research Methods

Systematic techniques used to collect, analyze, and interpret data in scientific inquiry.

Observational Methods

Research techniques that involve watching and recording subjects' behavior in their natural environment.

Logic of Science

The principles and criteria of validity that guide scientific research and the development of theoretical frameworks.