After 1970, Using, Abusing, and Being Addicted to Heroin

question 2

Multiple Choice

After 1970, using, abusing, and being addicted to heroin:

• A) increased the likelihood of committing a violent crime.
• B) decreased the likelihood of committing a violent crime.
• C) was unrelated to the likelihood of committing a violent crime.
• D) was unknown with respect to the likelihood of committing a violent crime.
• E) none of the above.

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Definitions:

High Self-Esteem

A positive evaluation of oneself and feeling confident in one's own abilities or worth.

Spotlight Effect

Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

External Locus

An external locus of control refers to the belief that outside forces, beyond an individual's control, significantly influence life events and outcomes.

Secure Self-Esteem

A form of self-esteem characterized by a stable, positive self-image and confidence that is not overly reliant on external validation.