Science Cannot Yet Describe "Thinking" in Physical Terms

question 40

Multiple Choice

Science cannot yet describe "thinking" in physical terms.However,we know that it involves metabolism within brain cells.With positron emission tomography (PET) scan or activity nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) it is possible to image the regions of the brain that are most metabolically active during various mental activities.For different mental functions,different regions and nerve cells become active.However,

• A)the cellular energy expended in "thinking" must be less than the chemical bond energy supplied in food to these brain cells.
• B)"thought" cannot be linked to cell processes because energy is not related to matter.
• C)since thoughts can repeat,the requirement for a continual input of energy to prevent entropy does not apply to this cell activity.
• D)"thinking" is beyond the scope of science to study.

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Definitions:

Perceptual Set

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another, influenced by expectations, emotions, and experiences.

Gestalt Psychologist

A psychologist who studies how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns or configurations, not just as simple sums of their parts.

Negative Afterimages

A visual phenomenon where an image continues to appear in one's vision after the exposure to the original image has ceased.

Opponent-Process Theory

A psychological and neurological model that accounts for a wide range of behaviors, including color vision. This theory suggests that emotions are paired in a way that when one is activated, the other is suppressed.