How Are the Difference Scores Coded in a Sign Test?​

question 29

Multiple Choice

How are the difference scores coded in a sign test?​

• A)​by their ranked size, with increases and decreases ranked separately
• B)​by their ranked size, independent of sign (increase or decrease)
• C)​as increases (+) or decreases (−)
• D)​as probabilities, p and q

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Definitions:

Debt Relief

The partial or total remission of debts, especially those owed by developing countries, by creditors, often to promote economic stability and development.

Foreign Aid

Financial or other assistance provided by one country to another, often in the form of grants, loans, or technical assistance, to promote development and welfare.

Capital-Using

Refers to production processes or technologies that require a high input of capital, such as machinery and equipment, rather than labor.

Self-Sustained Growth

Economic growth that is maintained without external assistance, driven by internal factors such as investment in technology and efficiency improvements.