Which of the Following Is a Defining Characteristic of Centralized

question 48

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of centralized organizations?

• A) Management grants absolute authority to middle managers.
• B) Managers at the top retain a great deal of authority.
• C) Employees at all levels are involved in strategic decision making.
• D) Employees at all levels are granted much authority.

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Definitions:

Nash Equilibrium

A concept in game theory where no player can benefit by changing strategies while the other players keep theirs unchanged.

Optimal Choice

The most efficient or favorable option selected from a set of alternatives, based on criteria or preferences.

Payoff

The return or reward received from an investment or action.

Nash Equilibrium

A concept in game theory where each player's strategy is optimal given the strategies of all other players, leading to a situation where no player can benefit by changing strategies unilaterally.