A Crash R&D Program by One Firm Cannot Replicate a Successful

question 59

Multiple Choice

A crash R&D program by one firm cannot replicate a successful technology developed by another firm when research findings cumulate. This is an example of

• A) social complexity.
• B) path dependency.
• C) physical uniqueness.
• D) causal ambiguity.

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Definitions:

Pesticides

Chemical agents used to eliminate or control pests that threaten crops, animals, and sometimes human health.

Integrated Pest Management

An ecological approach to pest control, combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks.

Pest-Induced Crop Losses

Crops damaged or destroyed by pests, resulting in decreased agricultural production and economic losses for farmers.

Ideal Pesticide

A theoretical pesticide that eliminates or controls pests without causing harm to humans, non-target species, or the environment.