Jacky Did Not Score Well in Her "Pre-Med" Course at the University

question 100

Multiple Choice

Jacky did not score well in her "pre-med" course at the university level.She started studying hard to improve her grades and got into medical school.Even after getting the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) , she still works hard for everything and is successful in all her endeavors.Which special kind of response to negative reinforcement is evident in Jacky's case?

• A)instinctive drift
• B)observational learning
• C)learned helplessness
• D)avoidance learning

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Definitions:

Reduced

Often refers to the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.

Ionized

The state of an atom or molecule when it has lost or gained one or more electrons, thus carrying a charge.

Phosphorylation

Reaction in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule.

Gated Transporters

Membrane proteins that regulate the passage of substances in and out of cells or organelles, operating gates that open or close in response to specific signals.