Austin Was Often Late to Work, Despite His Manager, Ben

question 8

Multiple Choice

Austin was often late to work, despite his manager, Ben, warning him against it several times. As a last resort, Ben reduced Austin's salary in proportion to the hours he missed at work by being late. It turned out to be the right thing to do, as Austin was never late to work after the incident. This scenario is explained by ________.

• A) instrumentality
• B) valence
• C) positive reinforcement
• D) negative reinforcement

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Definitions:

U.S. Steel Case

A landmark antitrust case involving the United States Steel Corporation, representing significant legal and regulatory actions in American industrial history.

Illegal Price-Fixing

An unlawful agreement between competitors to set prices at a certain level, generally resulting in unfair competition and higher prices for consumers.

DuPont Cellophane Case

The antitrust case brought against DuPont in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (in 1956) that while DuPont had a monopoly in the narrowly defined market for cellophane, it did not monopolize the more broadly defined market for flexible packaging materials. It was thus not guilty of violating the Sherman Act.

Relevant Market

The market segment in which a company competes, defined by its products, customers, and geographic area.