Which of the Following Would Not Be a Failure of the Horizontal

question 7

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would not be a failure of the horizontal equity concept?

• A) Two taxpayers with identical income pay different amounts of tax because one taxpayer's income includes tax exempt interest.
• B) Two taxpayers pay different amounts of property tax amounts on similar plots of land (i.e., same value) because one plot of land is used to raise crops.
• C) Two taxpayers pay different amounts of estate tax because one taxpayer's estate is worth significantly more.
• D) All of these.
• E) None of these.

---

Definitions:

Debt Refunding

The process of replacing an existing debt obligation with a new one, often with more favorable terms.

Ordinary Income

Earnings derived from standard business operations and not classified as capital gains or dividend income.

Extraordinary Income

Uncommon and infrequent gains not related to the normal operations of a business.

Effective Interest Amortization

A method for calculating the amortized cost of a bond or loan based on periodic interest expense, reflecting the actual interest rate.