Most Criticisms of Middle Schools and Junior High Schools Focus

question 81

Multiple Choice

Most criticisms of middle schools and junior high schools focus on the fact that these schools tend to:

• A) be too small and stressful.
• B) be extensions of elementary schools and not be challenging enough.
• C) attract the least motivated teachers and use the least effective teaching methods.
• D) not consider individual differences among children in biological and psychological maturation.

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Definitions:

Fixed-interval

A type of schedule in operant conditioning where a response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed, leading to a pattern of response.

Variable-interval

Variable-interval describes a schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed, in operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

A method of learning in which two stimuli are consistently associated; the response initially produced by the second stimulus ultimately becomes triggered by just the first stimulus alone.

Extinction

The process through which the conditioned response is weakened by presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus, eventually leading to the cessation of the conditioned response.