A Researcher Is Interested in the Effect of Exercise on Stamina

question 160

Multiple Choice

A researcher is interested in the effect of exercise on stamina in elderly patients.The patients are randomly assigned to be in a high-exercise or low-exercise training program for 8 weeks.At the end of the program,their stamina is measured by seeing how long they can walk comfortably on a treadmill.In this study,the dependent variable is

• A) number of minutes on the treadmill.
• B) the exercise program (high versus low).
• C) heart rate during the exercise program.
• D) the 8-week duration of the exercise program.

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Definitions:

Principle of Second Best

An economic theory that suggests when a condition for a perfect market cannot be met, the next-best solution may involve violating another condition to improve efficiency.

Distortionary Tax

A tax that causes people to alter their behavior and make different economic decisions than they would in a free market, potentially leading to inefficiency.

Efficiency

The extent to which resources are utilized optimally to achieve desired outcomes with minimum waste or effort.

Second Best

A concept in economics that suggests if all optimal conditions cannot be satisfied, the second-best option should be pursued.