Explain the Difference Between Standing Plans and Single-Use Plans

question 33

Essay

Explain the difference between standing plans and single-use plans.Define the three types of standing plans, the two types of single-use plans and give examples of each.

Understand the importance of competitive factor markets for efficient resource allocation among firms.

Explain the concept of Pareto improvements and their limitations in real-world trade and policy.

Assess the efficiency of market outcomes in the presence of public goods and externalities.

Analyze labor supply decisions in the context of trade-offs between market wage and leisure.

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Definitions:

Informational Social Influence

The effect of other people's behavior on an individual's actions and beliefs, stemming from the desire to be correct in situations where the correct action or belief is uncertain.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A theory suggesting that individuals experience discomfort (dissonance) from holding two or more conflicting cognitions (thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes), leading them to alter behavior or attitudes to reduce discomfort.

Role

The function or position that an individual assumes or is given in a social context, which influences behavior and expectations.

Cognitive Dissonance

The mental discomfort experienced by a person who holds conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes, especially relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.