Molecular Clocks That Are Used to Estimate the Time When

question 14

Multiple Choice

Molecular clocks that are used to estimate the time when organisms diverged from a common ancestor are only effective when

• A)the rate of base substitution mutation is known.
• B)the protein cytochrome c of both the species is identical.
• C)fossil evidence is absent or unreliable.
• D)the species being compare are not closely relateD.

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Definitions:

Annual Dividend

The total amount of dividend payments made to shareholders in a year, reflecting the company’s profitability and its distribution policy.

Coupon Rate

The annual interest payment on a bond, denoted as a percentage of its face value.

After-Tax Cost of Debt

The interest expense on debt adjusted for taxes, reflecting the actual cost to the company.

Marginal Tax Rate

The rate at which additional income is taxed, reflecting the proportion of each additional dollar of income that goes to taxes.