Birds Are Most Closely Related to Reptiles Leading the Authors

question 23

Multiple Choice

Birds are most closely related to reptiles leading the authors to conclude which of the following?

• A)That endothermy arose once before the split of mammals and reptiles
• B)That endothermy arose once and was then lost in reptiles
• C)That birds are actually more closely related to mammals than reptiles
• D)That endothermy is not a good way to measure the relationship between species
• E)That endothermy arose twice after the split of mammals and reptiles

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Definitions:

Negative Results

Findings in research that indicate no significant effect or difference, contrary to the original hypothesis.

Cohen's D

A statistic used to measure the effect size or the strength of the relationship between two variables, specifically in standardized mean difference.

Effect Size

A quantitative measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon, used to indicate the size of an experimental effect.

Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to see if it has an effect on some other variable.