Prospect Theory and Closing Costs Are Two Reasons Why People

question 12

Multiple Choice

Prospect theory and closing costs are two reasons why people:

• A)engage in escalation of commitment.
• B)define problems in terms of preferred solutions.
• C)make non-programmed decisions rather than programmed decisions.
• D)engage in satisficing.
• E)encourage employee involvement.

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Definitions:

Interval Schedule

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after a specified or varying amount of time has passed.

Ratio Schedule

In operant conditioning, a rule determining the timing and frequency of reinforcements, based on the number of responses made by the subject.

Secondary Reinforcers

Stimuli that have no inherent value but have been paired with primary reinforcers or are learned to be valuable, often used in behavior modification protocols.

Primary Reinforce

is a naturally reinforcing stimulus, such as food or water, that fulfills a basic biological need and does not require learning to become effective.