In Western Countries Up to 10% of the Population Develops

question 98

Multiple Choice

In Western countries up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease which produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

• A)Ammonia could be used as a food source for bacteriA.
• B)Ammonia would cause the ulcers.
• C)Ammonia would prevent the immune system from killing the bacteria.
• D)Ammonia would neutralize stomach acids allowing bacteria to grow.
• E)Ammonia would kill the bacteria.

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Definitions:

Higher-Order Conditioning

Higher-order conditioning is a form of learning in which a stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus, leading to an association and conditioned response to the new stimulus, even though it was never directly associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

Sensory Preconditioning

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response after being paired with another stimulus that naturally evokes a reaction.

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Contiguity

A principle in psychology and learning theory that suggests that events experienced close together in time or space are likely to be associated with each other.