[Solved] Which of the following can be used to protect against a loss on a stock owned by an investor? A) Naked calls. B) Protective puts. C) Covered calls. D) Straddles. E) Naked puts. Labeling Theory: A sociological perspective emphasizing that the labels society applies to individuals or groups significantly influence their social identity and behavior. Deviant Behaviors: Actions or behaviors that violate social norms or values, ranging from minor infractions to serious crimes. Structural Strain Theory: A sociological theory that views deviance as the result of a disconnect between societal goals and the means available to achieve them. Robert Merton: An influential American sociologist best known for his theories on social structure, anomie, and for developing the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy.