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What is the cardiac output if the heart rate is 115 beats/minute and the stroke volume is 95 mL/beat?
Hyperpolarization
An increase in a cell's membrane potential, making it more negative and less likely to fire an action potential.
Voltage-Gated
Pertaining to ion channels that open or close in response to changes in membrane potential, crucial for nerve impulse conduction.
Na+
Na+ represents Sodium ions, which are essential electrolytes in the body that help maintain blood pressure, fluid balance, and are critical for the functioning of muscles and nerves.
Extracellular
Pertaining to being outside the cell membrane.
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