When Psychologists Want to Evaluate the Accuracy or Fairness of a Test

question 12

Essay

When psychologists want to evaluate the accuracy or fairness of a test, they examine specific kinds of evidence. The main ways of evaluating any test are to check its reliability and validity. Define reliability and validity. Can a test have high reliability and low validity or vice versa?

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Definitions:

Imitation Reflex

An innate tendency of infants to mimic gestures or facial expressions as a fundamental learning process.

Mirror Neurons

Neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe the same action performed by another, thought to be the basis of empathy and learning through imitation.

Caregiver-Infant Bonding

The process by which a strong emotional connection is formed between a caregiver, typically a parent, and their newborn, influencing the infant's developmental outcomes.

Object Permanence

Object Permanence is the cognitive understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, typically developed during early childhood.