Several Studies Have Compared the Ability of Expert Chess Players

question 15

Multiple Choice

Several studies have compared the ability of expert chess players and beginners to memorize the positions of chess pieces arranged in various ways on the board. Which general conclusion do psychologists draw from the results of those studies?

• A) People who become experts must develop greater reasoning abilities, because their memory differs in no way from that of beginners.
• B) People who become experts in any field are likely to be worse than average at skills unrelated to that field.
• C) An important part of expertise is the ability to recognize complex, familiar patterns.
• D) Only people with a superior overall memory are likely to become experts at any skill.

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Definitions:

Political Alliances

Agreements between two or more parties, often countries, to work together toward common goals.

Northern Industrialists

Entrepreneurs and business owners in the northern United States before and during the Civil War who benefited from and supported industrialization and the abolition of slavery.

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Traditionally refers to the wealthy individuals who owned expansive tracts of agrarian land in the Southern United States, playing a crucial role in the region's economy, politics, and social structure, particularly in the era of slavery.

Alsace

A historical region in eastern France, known for its strategic importance and cultural blend of French and German influences, often a point of contention between the two countries.