In Order to Be Sure That the Items on the Lists

question 205

Multiple Choice

In order to be sure that the items on the lists that he learned would be unfamiliar, Ebbinghaus

• A) learned lists of foreign words.
• B) spelled all the words backwards.
• C) invented nonsense syllables.
• D) had his students make up the lists.

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Definitions:

Ethologists

Scientists who study animal behavior in natural environments, focusing on instinctual or innate behaviors.

Fixed Action Patterns

Innate, pre-programmed responses triggered by specific stimuli, common in animal behavior.

Instinctive Behaviors

Instinctive behaviors are actions or responses that are inherent and automatic in animals or humans, not learned from experience.

Zone of Proximal Development

A concept by Vygotsky describing the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement.