To Train an Animal to Make Some Response, a Psychologist

question 141

Multiple Choice

To train an animal to make some response, a psychologist decides to use the procedure known as shaping. This means that the psychologist will

• A) force the animal into the necessary position to make the response.
• B) deprive the animal of food and water until it makes the response.
• C) display the correct response and let the animal imitate.
• D) start by reinforcing the animal for a simpler response.

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Definitions:

Production Possibilities Curve

A graph that shows the maximum possible output combinations of two goods or services an economy can achieve when all resources are fully and efficiently utilized.

Bowed Outward

Refers to the shape of a production possibility frontier that shows increasing opportunity costs as production shifts between two goods.

Absolute Advantage

A situation in which a nation, as the result of its previous experience and/or natural endowments, can produce more of a good (with the same amount of resources) than another nation can.

Comparative Advantage

The ability of a country or firm to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners, leading to specialized production and trade benefits.