Many Studies Have Reported Differences in Personality or Achievement Between

question 104

Multiple Choice

Many studies have reported differences in personality or achievement between first-born and later born children. However, most of those studies can be faulted for confusing birth order effects with the effects of

• A) recent vs. earlier cohorts.
• B) large vs. small family size.
• C) longitudinal vs. cross-sectional studies.
• D) male vs. female.

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Definitions:

Pericycle

A layer of cells in plant roots that can give rise to lateral roots and is involved in secondary growth.

Endodermis

The innermost layer of cells in the cortex of a plant root, functioning as a selective barrier that regulates the passage of substances from the soil into the vascular system.

Stele

The central part of a root or stem containing the vascular tissue of xylem and phloem, responsible for the transport of water and nutrients.

Cortex

The outer layer of various organs and structures in the body, such as the brain and adrenal glands, or the primary layer of stems and roots in plants.