In Spite of Hundreds of Millions of Dollars Spent on Insecticides

question 16

Multiple Choice

In spite of hundreds of millions of dollars spent on insecticides targeted at pest control for agricultural and medical purposes, man has been unable to drive any to extinction. On the other hand, the extinction of many species of birds, fishes, plants, and insects species have occurred as a result of

• A) hunting.
• B) farming.
• C) disease.
• D) habitat destruction.
• E) scientific collecting.

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Definitions:

Vicarious Punishment

Learning that occurs when the likelihood of a behavior decreases after observing the negative consequences applied to another individual's behavior.

Vicarious Reinforcement

Learning that occurs by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of that behavior, without experiencing the reinforcement directly.

Self-efficacy

An individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Premack Effect

A concept in psychology that suggests behaviors with a higher likelihood of occurring can strengthen behaviors that are less likely to occur.