What Effect Does 'Noise' Have in the Communication Model

question 99

Multiple Choice

What effect does 'noise' have in the communication model?

• A) It distorts and obscures the sender's intended message.
• B) It prevents the sender from forming a message.
• C) It helps the sender to select a more appropriate medium to transmit the message.
• D) It helps the receiver to decode the message more carefully.
• E) The concept of 'noise' does not apply to the communication model.

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Definitions:

Beta Level

The probability of making a Type II error in hypothesis testing, which occurs when a test fails to reject a false null hypothesis.

Participant Number

The count of individuals participating in a research study.

Differential Regression

A statistical phenomenon where groups with extreme scores on a pretest will likely have less extreme scores on a posttest, not due to the intervention but to statistical artifacts.

Internal Validity

refers to the degree to which a study accurately establishes cause-and-effect relationships free from confounding variables.