The Gaia Theory Says That

question 41

Multiple Choice

The Gaia Theory says that

• A)the biosphere contains a diversity of habitats and niches favorable to life because living things have made it that way.
• B)the complementary actions of respiration and photosynthesis have maintained a relatively stable atmospheric pool of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
• C)all living things must obtain nutrients and energy from their environment.
• D)all elements have their origin in a nonliving, long-term reservoir.
• E)ecosystems are open with regard to energy because the sun is constantly renewing them with a renewable source.

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Definitions:

Reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, it is a consequence that strengthens an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through association with a primary reinforcer, such as money being valued due to its ability to purchase food.

Reinforcer

Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response or increases the likelihood that it will happen again.

Primary Reinforcers

Stimuli that are inherently rewarding and satisfy biological needs, used in behavioral conditioning to reinforce desired behaviors.