Which of the Following Is/are True of Antibiotic Usage and the Development

question 71

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is/are true of antibiotic usage and the development of antibiotic resistance?

• A)Antibiotics cause mutations (antibiotics are mutagens), thus resulting in increasingly resistant bacterial populations.
• B)Antibiotics increase the rate of bacterial transformation, conjugation, and transduction, and thus increase the spread of antibiotic resistance.
• C)Antibiotics cause R-plasmids to form and cause their transfer, spreading antibiotic resistance.
• D)Antibiotics select for resistant mutants and bacteria possessing R-plasmids, increasing their frequency in the population.
• E)All of these choices are correct.

Identify and discuss disparities in drug sentencing and their social implications.

Define hate crimes and understand their legal and social consequences.

Relate the death penalty to historical patterns of racial bias.

Understand the concept of grand apartheid and its manifestation of racism.

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Definitions:

Disclaimer

A verbal assertion intended to ward off any negative implications of impending actions by defining these actions as irrelevant to one’s established social identity. By using disclaimers, a person suggests that although the impending acts may ordinarily imply a negative identity, his or hers is an extraordinary case.

Norm of Reciprocity

A social norm that expects individuals to return favors or kindnesses that have been extended to them.

Logical Structure

The organized and coherent arrangement of an argument or theory, ensuring clarity and validity.

Deceitful Messages

Deceptive or misleading communications intended to manipulate or trick the recipient.