Dr.Johnson is studying the effects of aspirin on heart rate.He believes that aspirin will lower heart rate.He has 2 groups the treatment group receives 80mg of aspirin for a week (n=4) the control group received a placebo (n=4) and their heart rates are compared.Below is his data in which heart rate is beats per minute.He sets his alpha level at 0.05 and uses a directional test. 
What is the t-value for the data above?
Definitions:
Resistant
Refers to the act of opposing or striving against something.
Personal Construct Theory
A psychological theory that suggests individuals use personal constructs, which are bipolar mental templates, to interpret and predict events in their lives.
Constructive Alternativism
A concept in psychology suggesting that people have the ability to interpret their experiences in a variety of ways, thereby influencing their own reality.
Hostile Person
An individual characterized by feelings of anger and antagonism towards others, often resulting in aggressive behavior.
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