Examlex
Which of the following have their valence electrons in the same shell?
P-value
The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the ones observed during the test, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
Null Hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis which proposes no significant difference or effect, used as a default assumption until evidence suggests otherwise.
Alpha Level
The probability threshold that determines the critical value for rejecting the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing, commonly set at 0.05 or 5%.
Rejection Region
In hypothesis testing, the range of values for which the null hypothesis is considered unlikely and thus rejected.
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