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Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: Th = 1,100 K,Tc = 1,000 K;Engine B: Th = 1,100 K,Tc = 500 K;Engine C: Th = 550 K,Tc = 500 K.Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?
Participant Dropouts
Individuals who withdraw from a study or experiment before it is completed, affecting the validity of the results.
Nonequivalent Control Group Design
A quasi-experimental design where the experimental group and the control group are not created by random assignment, potentially leading to differences between groups that are not due to the experimental manipulation.
Selection Differences
Differences that arise in experimental research from the methods used to select participants for groups, potentially biasing the results.
Random Assignment
A method used in experiments to evenly distribute participants across various groups by chance, minimizing biases and ensuring groups are comparable.
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