Three Materials with N₁ < N₂ < N₃ Are Arranged

question 11

Multiple Choice

Three materials with n₁ < n₂ < n₃ are arranged in layers of uniform thickness.A light ray in air enters the first layer at an angle of incidence of 40° and the ray eventually exits the third layer at the refracted angle θ in air.What is the value of θ?

• A) Some angle more than 40°.
• B) Insufficient information to answer.
• C) 40°.
• D) Some angle less than 40°.

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Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Expenses that do not vary with the level of production or business activity, such as rent, salaries, and insurance premiums, remaining constant regardless of output.

Average Total Costs

The total costs of production divided by the quantity produced, representing the cost per unit of output.

Average Variable Costs

Represent the total variable costs (costs that change with production volume) divided by the number of units produced.

Average Variable Cost

The variable cost per unit of output, calculated by dividing total variable costs by the quantity of output produced.