Fossil Evidence Places the Origin of Angiosperms in the Early

question 35

Multiple Choice

Fossil evidence places the origin of angiosperms in the early Cretaceous period,at least 130 million years ago.By 100 million years ago,all of today's major lineages of angiosperms were in place.Angiosperms make up 95% of all modern plant species.Which of the following may help explain the rapid success of angiosperms?

• A) Animals became carnivores, allowing plants to survive.
• B) Competition with animals helped spread pollen and seeds.
• C) Animals died off, allowing more plants to survive.
• D) Animals eating the plants helped to disperse both pollen and seeds.
• E) Coevolution with animals helped spread pollen and seeds.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A behavioral concept where the removal of an unfavorable event strengthens the behavior that led to its removal.

Extinction

In the context of behavior, the gradual reduction and eventual elimination of a conditioned response.

Successive Approximations

This is a method in behavioral psychology where behaviors are gradually trained by rewarding approximations of the desired behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

A technique in behavior management that reinforces desired behaviors by rewarding them, encouraging their repetition.