DNA Genetic Coding and Cell Regulation Is Now Understood to Be

question 25

Multiple Choice

DNA genetic coding and cell regulation is now understood to be incredibly important to every cell among organisms, and is also associated with viruses. Through the early and mid 1900s, scientists developed new molecular analysis methods that changed the foundations of how we understand "life" to function. Normal health and homeostasis, as well as disease, and natural variations in form and function among organisms are now better understood. Medical and biological applications have increased dramatically with the understanding of DNA molecule structure, and it is helpful to have recognition of the scientists and sequence of events contributing to our understanding.
-The bacteria that Griffith experimented with were termed "R" and "S" bacteria because

• A) of the way they grew on artificial media.
• B) the R bacteria formed rough appearing colonies.
• C) All of the answer choices are correct.
• D) the S bacteria formed smooth appearing colonies.

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Definitions:

Amino Acid Coding

Amino acid coding involves the use of codons in mRNA to specify which amino acids will be added during protein synthesis.

MRNA

Messenger RNA, a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene and is responsible for carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome where proteins are synthesized.

Codons

Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify the addition of a specific amino acid to a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

Peripheral Protein

Proteins that are attached to the surfaces of cellular membranes, playing roles in signal transduction and cellular communication.