Many Traits of Organisms, Such as Body Form and Color

question 12

Multiple Choice

Many traits of organisms, such as body form and color, are controlled by specific proteins, in turn controlled by the DNA genetic sequence of nucleotides. The genetic control of color, as in aphids, does not usually shift during the life of an organism. Researchers found that some specific aphid populations shift from an original red coloration to a green coloration. Genetics could be a factor, if some programmed shift could be identified. Environmental conditions of the living and nonliving habitat could be a factor. Either way, the chemistry and observed changes of pigment molecules in the aphids can be studied with the scientific method.
-The observations and research on aphid color changes can most directly be summarized in that

• A) Koga and Fugatsu proved that the color change from red to green in aphids was ecologically favorable to survival.
• B) species of organisms can be chemically diverse and affect each other, even among similar groups of aphids and bacteria.
• C) the method of paper fiber separation of pigment molecules showed that Ricketsiella bacteria were the source of the green coloration of aphids.
• D) it turned out that the green appearance of aphids was because of the large amount of green Ricketsiella bacteria coating their bodies.

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