Each of These Arguments May Be Used Against Charles Murray's

question 271

Multiple Choice

Each of these arguments may be used against Charles Murray's assertion that antipoverty spending caused poverty except

• A)other countries that have higher antipoverty spending have much lower rates of teenage births.
• B)welfare benefits vary widely from state-to-state,but the low-spending states also have high teenage pregnancy rates.
• C)the poverty rate in 1980 was exactly the same as it was in 1968,when antipoverty spending began to rise sharply.
• D)during the period from 1968 to 1980,the unemployment rate doubled,yet the poverty rate remained constant.

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Definitions:

Modeling Process

The psychological mechanism through which individuals learn new behaviors or attitudes by observing others.

Bandura

Albert Bandura was a distinguished psychologist, renowned for his contributions to the social learning theory and the notion of self-efficacy.

Observational Learning

Observational learning is the process of acquiring new behaviors or knowledge by watching and imitating others, a key concept of social learning theory.

Learned Helplessness

Learned helplessness is a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed. It is the learned belief that one's actions have no effect on the environment.