Brendan Is Just Learning to Walk

question 6

Multiple Choice

Brendan is just learning to walk.He can take a few steps by himself if he uses both hands to hold on to a piece of furniture for support,but he can walk out into the middle of the room only if one of his parents holds his hands.Which of the following represents the lower limit of Brendan's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for walking?

• A)Brendan learning to run after he has mastered walking
• B)Brendan going back to crawling when he becomes frustrated by trying to walk
• C)Brendan walking alone by holding on to a piece of furniture with one hand
• D)Brendan learning to walk by having his parents follow along behind to support him when he loses his balance

Recognize the history and evolution of intelligence testing and its implications.

Identify the methods and tools used in intelligence testing, including the significance of Binet and Simon's contributions.

Understand the criticisms and limitations of current intelligence theories and testing methods.

Comprehend the role of creativity and divergent thinking in intelligence.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.

Contingent Reinforcement

A reinforcement strategy in which a reward or punishment is given only after the desired behavior is demonstrated.

Discrimination Learning

A process in learning theory where an individual learns to respond differently to various stimuli because they have been reinforced for doing so.