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In a Typical Cell, the Use of Proton Gradient to Power

question 15

Essay

In a typical cell, the use of proton gradient to power ATP synthesis requires about 3 protons for each ATP. Based on this, what is the energy expenditure, in ATP/minute, of a typical flagellum if it is running at 120 revolutions per second and requires 1000 protons to make one revolution?


Definitions:

Renal Medulla

The innermost part of the kidney that consists of renal pyramids and nephrons where urine formation takes place.

Renal Hilum

The entry and exit site for structures such as the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves at the kidney.

Uric Acid

A waste product found in the blood, produced from the breakdown of purines, and excreted in urine; high levels can lead to gout.

Waste Product

Materials or substances that are no longer useful or wanted after a process or event.

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