(TB Figure 15

question 92

Essay

(TB Figure 15.1 Bubble 1.0) Consistent with the value chain concept, the IPP begins with the design of the product and production processes.Activity based costing can be used to develop estimates of the future cost of producing new products as well as potential cost changes from product or design changes.The entire design process is automated through the use of computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering.With the use of enterprise systems, the electronic designs produced using CAD/CAE become the basis for developing detailed production schedules (step 2.0) as well as the electronic control of production machines.In addition to the detailed product design, the CAD/CAE process results in several data stores of information that are used later in the IPP:
-Bill of materials (BOM): The BOM provides the basis for later orders of raw materials (bubble 3.0) when a finished good is to be produced.-Part master: The parts master or raw materials inventory master lists the detailed specifications of each raw materials item.An engineer must specify the information for the new material in the parts master when a new part is used in product design.Often, existing parts will be used in new products to reduce needed ordering and carrying costs for the inventory.-Routing master: The routing master specifies the operations necessary to complete a subassembly or finished good, and the sequence of these operations.The routing master also includes the machining tolerances; the tools, jigs, and fixtures required and the time allowed for each operation.The routing master is vital to developing detailed production instructions (bubble 4.0 in Figure 15.1).Computer aided process planning (CAPP), is often used in developing the routing master for developing new products.CAPP is an automated decision support system that generates manufacturing operations instructions and routings based on information about machinery requirements and capabilities.-Work center master: The work center master describes each work center available for producing products.A work station is the assigned location where a worker performs their job.A group of similar work stations constitutes a work center.When new products require new machines or production activities, a new record in the work center master must be created.Refer to TB Figure 15.1.Prepare a Level 1 data flow diagram for the product and production process design process only.

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Definitions:

Powers

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UN Declaration

Formal statements or documents adopted by the United Nations that articulate fundamental principles, rights, or intentions on various global issues.

Indigenous Peoples

Ethnic groups who are the original inhabitants of a given region, recognized for their distinct cultures, traditions, languages, and historical presence.

Self-Government

The right or condition of self-rule, typically referring to local or regional governing bodies operating independently from external authorities.