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Calculate the enthalpy change (in kJ) associated with the conversion of 25.0 grams of ice at -4.00°C to water vapor at 106.0°C. The specific heats of ice, water, and steam are 2.09 J/g-K, 4.18 J/g-K, and 1.84 J/g-K, respectively. For H2O, ΔHfus = 6.01 kJ/mol and ΔHvap = 40.67 kJ/mol.
Populations
Groups of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the same region and interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Biological Species Concept
A definition of species based on the ability of individuals to interbreed and produce fertile offspring, emphasizing reproductive isolation from other groups.
Phylogenetic Species Concept
A definition of species according to their evolutionary history and ancestry, identifying species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor and thus form one branch on the tree of life.
General Lineage
An evolutionary framework understanding species as entities within a continuous tree of life, with each species having a unique lineage in the context of evolution.
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