Which of the Following Statements Is CORRECT

question 3

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

• A) Most sinking funds require the issuer to provide funds to a trustee, who saves the money so that it will be available to pay off bondholders when the bonds mature.
• B) A sinking fund provision makes a bond more risky to investors at the time of issuance.
• C) Sinking fund provisions never require companies to retire their debt; they only establish "targets" for the company to reduce its debt over time.
• D) If interest rates have increased since a company issued bonds with a sinking fund, the company is less likely to retire the bonds by buying them back in the open market, as opposed to calling them in at the sinking fund call price.
• E) Sinking fund provisions sometimes turn out to adversely affect bondholders, and this is most likely to occur if interest rates decline after the bond has been issued.

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Definitions:

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others and the outcomes of those behaviors, without direct personal experience.

Intermittent Reinforcement

A conditioning schedule in which a behavior is reinforced only some of the time, leading to more resistant and lasting behavioral changes.

Continuous Reinforcement

A method of learning that involves rewarding a behavior every time it occurs, leading to faster acquisition of the behavior.

Extinction

In behavioral psychology, it refers to the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.