A University Studied Students' Grades and Established a Strong Positive

question 27

Multiple Choice

A university studied students' grades and established a strong positive association between the high school average of incoming students and their university GPA.Describe three different possible cause-and-effect relationships that might be present.

• A)Perhaps higher high school averages cause higher university GPAs,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the students' IQ.
• B)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: higher university GPAs cause higher high school averages.
• C)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: higher high school averages cause higher university GPAs.
• D)There are only two cause-and-effect relationships: higher high school averages cause higher university GPAs,or higher university GPAs cause higher high school averages.
• E)Perhaps higher high school averages cause higher university GPAs,higher university GPAs cause higher high school averages,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the students' high school.

---

Definitions:

Marcel Duchamp

A French-American artist associated with Dadaism and Surrealism, known for challenging traditional notions of art.

Giorgio de Chirico

An Italian artist known for his metaphysical painting phase, creating dream-like, eerily quiet urban landscapes that influenced the surrealist movement.

The Song of Love

A painting by Giorgio de Chirico in 1914, showcasing the metaphysical art style.

Surrealism

A successor to Dada, Surrealism incorporated the improvisational nature of its predecessor into its exploration of the ways to express in art the world of dreams and the unconscious. Biomorphic Surrealists, such as Joan Miró, produced largely abstract compositions. Naturalistic Surrealists, notably Salvador Dalí, presented recognizable scenes transformed into a dream or nightmare image.