Some Herbicides Inhibit the Electron Transport Chain in the Thylakoid

question 30

Multiple Choice

Some herbicides inhibit the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Without the movement of electrons, hydrogen ions would not be pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid space and the hydrogen ion gradient would not be established. How would this affect the Calvin cycle reactions?

• A) ATP would not be produced and, as a result, the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.
• B) CO₂ would not enter the cell as a result, and the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.
• C) RuBP carboxylase would not function properly, so CO₂ fixation would not occur.
• D) Sunlight could no longer be used by the chloroplast, but this would have no effect on the Calvin cycle reactions because they do not require light.
• E) Since the Calvin cycle reactions occur in a different part of the chloroplast, there would be no effect.

Understand the role of social interactions and cultural context in cognitive development according to Vygotsky.

Describe the concept of adolescence egocentrism, the personal fable, and the imaginary audience.

Explain scaffolding and the zone of proximal development as described by Vygotsky.

Understand the fundamental principles of Malthusian theory regarding population growth.

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Definitions:

Sunk Cost

Expenses that are already spent and cannot be retrieved or changed by any future activities.

Opportunity Cost

The foregone benefit that would have been derived by choosing an alternative option.

Differential Cost

A future cost that differs between any two alternatives.

Variable Cost Per Unit

The cost that varies with each unit produced, not including fixed costs.