A Researcher Examined Whether People's Responses to Injustice Depend on Whether

question 49

Essay

A researcher examined whether people's responses to injustice depend on whether the offender in a hypothetical scenario is a male or a female,and whether the offender apologized (or not)after the offense.Participants were randomly assigned to the gender of the offender condition (female,male)and apology condition (present,absent).
Participants read a hypothetical scenario in which a person (male or female)acted unjustly and the action results in severe harm.Half of the participants read that the offender apologized; the other half read the same scenario except no apology was mentioned.Participants then rated the extent to which they would forgive the offender using a 0 (no forgiveness)to 9 (complete forgiveness)rating scale.The researcher predicted that participants' forgiveness would be greater following an apology compared to the apology-absent condition.The researcher also predicted that the gender of the offender would have no effect on forgiveness.
The researcher observed the following means: What are the means for the main effect of the Apology variable? [Be sure to specify which mean belongs with each condition.]

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Definitions:

Feelings

Emotional states or reactions that are subjective and experienced internally, influenced by personal perceptions, thoughts, and experiences.

Cognitive Dissonance

The psychological discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time, leading to tension and the motivation to reduce the dissonance by changing beliefs or behaviors.

Festinger

Leon Festinger, a social psychologist known for his theory of cognitive dissonance, which describes the discomfort felt when holding conflicting ideas or beliefs.

Media Influence

The effect that media, such as television, internet, and advertising, have on the attitudes, behaviors, and values of the people who are exposed to it.