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Two ethical issues researchers face when observing naturally occurring behavior (e.g.,messages) during online discussions are
Sample Contrast
The comparison between different subsets or samples within a study to identify variations or patterns.
Mean Square Error
A statistical measure indicating the average of the squares of the errors or deviations—i.e., the difference between the estimator and what is estimated.
F Statistic
A ratio used in statistical analysis to determine the relationship between variances and to test hypotheses about the means of several populations.
Alternative Hypothesis
In statistical hypothesis testing, it is the hypothesis that suggests there is a difference or effect, in contrast to the null hypothesis which suggests no effect or difference.
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