Draw the Structures of the Phosphate,phosphite,and Hypophosphite Ions

question 134

Essay

Draw the structures of the phosphate,phosphite,and hypophosphite ions.

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Definitions:

Reinforcement

The process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows.

Stimulus

Any event or situation that evokes a response.

Higher-Order Conditioning

A process in classical conditioning by which a stimulus that was previously neutral is paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce the same conditioned response as the conditioned stimulus.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.